The Food and Drug Administration has granted emergency use authorization to a new COVID-19 test that can detect infections with only a sample of a patient’s breath, using a device that can yield results in less than three minutes.
The agency says the InspectIR COVID-19 Breathalyzer will only be available for tests “by a qualified, trained operator under the supervision of a health care provider.”
The test, designed for use in hospitals, doctors offices or mobile testing sites, requires a piece of equipment around the size of a piece of carry-on luggage. The FDA says the company will be able to produce around 100 instruments per week. Each test can evaluate around 160 samples every day.
InspectIR’s test works by analyzing a person’s breath using “gas chromatography gas mass-spectrometry” to detect five compounds typically exhaled when people are infected by SARS-CoV-2.
InspectIR has been using similar technology in other tests to detect drugs in people’s breath, according to the company’s website.
Summary of the Invention
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention preferably seek to mitigate, alleviate or eliminate one or more deficiencies, disadvantages or issues in the art, such as the above-identified, singly or in any combination by providing a system and a method, according to the appended patent claims.
According to one aspect of the invention, a portable system is provided that is configured to collect a sample from exhaled breath of a subject, and for detecting the presence or determining the quantitative amount of at least one drug substance in said exhaled breath.
The invented system is adapted to collect the sample for further analysis using mass-spectroscopy.
What is Mass-Spectroscopy?
Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique that is used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions. The results are presented as a mass spectrum, a plot of intensity as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. Mass spectrometry is used in many different fields and is applied to pure samples as well as complex mixtures.
A mass spectrum is a type of plot of the ion signal as a function of the mass-to-charge ratio. These spectra are used to determine the elemental or isotopic signature of a sample, the masses of particles and of molecules, and to elucidate the chemical identity or structure of molecules and other chemical compounds.
What kind of ions are they looking for? Spike Proteins or Snake Venom?
Mass spectrometric analysis to unravel the venom proteome composition of Indian snakes: opening new avenues in clinical research
Abhishek Chanda et al. Expert Rev Proteomics. 2020 May.
Abstract
Introduction: The ‘Big Four’ venomous snakes – Daboia russelii, Naja naja, Bungarus caeruleus, and Echis carinatus – are primarily responsible for the majority of snake envenomation in India. Several other lesser-known venomous snake species also inflict severe envenomation in the country.
Areas covered: A comprehensive analysis of the venom proteome composition of the ‘Big Four’ and other medically important venomous snakes of India and the effect of regional variation in venom composition on immunorecognition and/or neutralization by commercial antivenom was undertaken by searching the literature (from 1985 to date) available in large public databases. Further, mass spectrometric identification of poorly immunogenic toxins of snake venom (against which commercial polyvalent antivenom contains a significantly lower proportion of antibodies) and its impact on antivenom therapy against snakebite are discussed. The application of mass spectrometry to identify protein (toxin) complexes as well as drug prototypes from Indian snake venoms and the clinical importance of such studies are also highlighted.
Abstract
Results from high-performance liquid chromatography/nano-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/nESI-MS/MS) coupled to two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D SDS-PAGE) indicated that the monomer and dimer of phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) coexisted in crude Chinese Agkistrodon blomhoffii Ussurensis snake venom (ABUSV). Then, an acidic PLA(2) with the accurate molecular mass of 13979.6 Da was purified from ABUSV (mo-ABUSV-aPLA(2)). MS/MS-derived peptides from ABUSV-aPLA(2) were compared with other homologous snake venom PLA(2)s, which in turn showed that ABUSV-aPLA(2) is a novel snake venom PLA(2). Meanwhile, the ABUSV-aPLA(2) dimer (di-ABUSV-aPLA(2)) was also obtained. MS/MS analysis identified the same peptides from di-ABUSV-aPLA(2) as from mo-ABUSV-aPLA(2), which indicates that di-ABUSV-aPLA(2) is a homodimer.
Proteomic Profiling of a Snake Venom Using High Mass Detection MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry
Received 24 May 2006, Revised 23 October 2006, Accepted 7 November 2006, Available online 3 January 2007.
Proteomic profiling involves identification and quantification of protein components in complex biological systems. Most of the mass profiling studies performed with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) have been restricted to peptides and small proteins (<20 kDa) because the sensitivity of the standard ion detectors decreases with increasing ion mass. Here we perform a protein profiling study of the snake venom Sistrurus miliarius barbouri, comparing 2D gel electrophoresis and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a high mass cryodetector MALDI-TOF instrument (Macromizer), whose detector displays an uniform sensitivity with mass.
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